The 2024 G20 Rio de Janeiro Summit, held on November 18–19, 2024, at the Museum of Modern Art (MAM) in Rio de Janeiro, marked the 19th meeting of the Group of Twenty (G20) and was the first G20 summit hosted by Brazil.
Key Themes and Priorities
Under the motto "Building a Just World and a Sustainable Planet," the Brazilian presidency, led by President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, emphasized three main priorities:
Social Inclusion and Combating Hunger: Addressing global hunger and poverty through initiatives like the Global Alliance Against Hunger and Poverty, which aims to eradicate hunger by 2030 via income transfers, school feeding programs, and improvements in maternal health.
Energy Transition and Sustainable Development: Encouraging accelerated efforts toward climate neutrality, with proposals to achieve net-zero emissions by 2040 or 2045, ahead of the previously pledged 2050 target.
Reform of Global Governance Institutions: Advocating for reforms in international organizations, including the United Nations Security Council, to better reflect contemporary global dynamics.
Participants
The summit included leaders from G20 member countries and invited guests from nations such as Angola,
Bolivia,
Chile,
Colombia,
Egypt,
Malaysia,
Nigeria,
Norway,
Paraguay,
Portugal,
Qatar,
Singapore,
Spain,
Tanzania, the
United Arab Emirates,
Uruguay, and
Vietnam.
International organizations like the African Development Bank, Arab League, Financial Stability Board, Food and Agriculture Organization, International Monetary Fund, United Nations, World Bank, World Health Organization, and World Trade Organization also participated.
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Notable Outcomes
Climate Commitments: Leaders agreed to significantly increase climate finance, aiming to transition funding from billions to trillions, and committed to finalizing a legally binding treaty to limit plastic pollution by the end of 2024.
Global Alliance Against Hunger and Poverty: Launched with the participation of 82 countries, this alliance seeks to eradicate hunger by 2030 through various social programs.
Taxation of the Wealthy: Discussions included proposals for a 2% tax on billionaires' incomes to address global inequality, though consensus on this measure was not fully achieved.
Challenges and Criticisms
While the summit produced a broad declaration addressing key global issues, some critics noted a lack of specific commitments and actionable plans. The declaration condemned humanitarian crises in regions like Gaza and Ukraine without attributing blame, reflecting a cautious diplomatic approach.
In summary, the 2024 G20 Rio de Janeiro Summit underscored Brazil's leadership in promoting social inclusion, sustainable development, and the reform of global governance structures, while highlighting the complexities inherent in achieving consensus among diverse international stakeholders.
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